When someone undergoes orthodontic treatment, develops an infection or another condition, or has trauma occur to their mouth, they can suffer from root resorption. If left untreated, this condition can cause serious issues and even lead to tooth loss. Fortunately, there are some ways to prevent root resorption and keep your teeth from breaking down. 

What is Root Resorption?

Root resorption is when your body breaks down and absorbs the root structure of a tooth. This is a natural process for children when they lose their baby teeth and receive their permanent teeth. However, when an adult’s teeth start to break down, it’s a sign of a serious issue. Root resorption can significantly damage permanent teeth. It can happen externally, often as a cavity, or internally, within the pulp of the tooth.

Causes 

• Excessive force from braces or aligners can cause issues with your tooth roots.
• Accidents or trauma to your teeth can damage the root and trigger your body to resorb it.
• Chronic Infections, such as periodontal disease, can cause inflammation and damage to the root.
• Dental procedures, especially tooth extraction or a root canal may lead to root resorption.
• Some people have a predisposition for root resorption due to their genetics.

Symptoms

• Teeth may become sensitive, especially to hot and cold temperatures.
• The gums surrounding the affected teeth may swell and become inflamed.
• Affected teeth may become discolored with a dark or pink tint.
• Teeth may become loose or shift and become misaligned. 
• Tooth pain can occur, especially when you chew or bite down.
• You can even be asymptomatic, so it’s important to practice good dental hygiene. 

Root Resorption Prevention Tips

Careful Orthodontic Treatment

If undergoing orthodontic treatment, ensure change happens gradually and in a controlled manner. Rapid movement can increase the risk of root resorption. Orthodontists should take periodic X-rays to detect any early signs of root resorption and adjust the treatment accordingly.

Prevent and Manage Dental Trauma

If involved in contact sports, wear a properly fitting mouthguard to prevent dental injuries. Seek immediate dental care if you experience a dental injury; trauma can trigger inflammatory resorption as damage to the root structure can prompt your body to dissolve it.

Maintain Good Oral Hygiene

To prevent gum disease or infections that could lead to resorption, brush and flush your teeth regularly. Keeping your teeth and gums clean is the first defense against tooth loss. Make sure to attend regular dental checkups as hygienists and dentists can detect issues early and manage anything that could contribute to root resorption. Remember that you could be losing root structure without having symptoms.

Avoid Excessive Pressure on Teeth

If you grind, clench, or nash your teeth during the day or at night — a condition known as bruxism — you may be at risk for root resorption. If you clench or grind your teeth at night, you could benefit from wearing a nightguard. This device can reduce excessive force, protecting your teeth from any issues. You should also avoid excessive or improper use of retainers or aligners as they can result in unnecessary pressure on teeth.

Address Underlying Medical Conditions

Conditions like osteoporosis or hyperparathyroidism can contribute to bone and tooth resorption, so you should manage these conditions in your daily life and with a health professional. Prompt treatment is also key for those who have chronic infections, such as untreated cavities or gum disease, which can lead to tooth loss. 

Don’t Chew on Ice or Hard Foods

You may not see an issue with chewing on ice, but it can lead to tooth damage and the risk of root resorption. It doesn’t matter whether you chew small pieces or big chunks, both can cause dental trauma. You should also take the same precautions when chewing hard food or candy. 

Don’t Use Your Teeth as Tools

While your teeth are very strong, they aren’t meant to help you tear open bags or do other tasks. Using your teeth this way can cause them to chip or crack. This trauma may trigger root resorption, so it’s better to let scissors or other tools do the job for you. 

Practice Good Oral Hygiene to Avoid Root Resorption

Root resorption can develop into a serious dental condition, but taking preventive measures will help protect your teeth. By maintaining good oral hygiene, wearing protective gear, and staying vigilant with dental checkups, you can reduce the risk of root resorption and ensure long-term oral health. If you suspect any issues, consult your dentist as soon as possible to address them before they progress.